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BackgroundCaffeine is one of the most frequently administered medicines in neonatology—prescribed for the management of apnoea of prematurity, to aid extubation and increasingly for conditions such as bronchopulmonary ...

This review examines the application of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology for motor rehabilitation in patients with severe stroke—a population often excluded from conventional therapies due to minimal movemen...

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent dementia, is primarily underpinned by the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Passive Aβ immunotherapy effectively reduces cerebral Aβ deposition but is limited by sever...

IntroductionAge-related declines in cognitive and motor functions show highly variable trajectories. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated multivariate associative effects between modifiable vas...

IntroductionBrain tumor lesions in MRI images are characterized by low contrast, indistinct boundaries, and irregular morphology, posing substantial challenges for automated detection. RT-DETR provides an end-to-end, NMS...

BackgroundDespite growing evidence supporting deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment- resistant depression (TRD), how stimulation delivered across hemispheres or across multiple targets interact to shape large-scale ...

The precise treatment and dynamic management of traumatic brain injury pose a substantial challenge to the global healthcare sector. This challenge arises not only from the complex and dynamically evolving pathological m...

Background and purposeThe aging brain is particularly sensitive to alterations in selenium status. Selenium deficiency has been associated with impaired neural function, cognitive decline, and increased vulnerability to ...

A growing number of studies are now utilizing human organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSC), enabled by improved long-term culture protocols that support the investigation of human-specific cellular physiology. Human OBS...

BackgroundHigh blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for dementia, but the relationships between BP and gross brain volumes are mixed and are understudied in groups who are at particularly high risk for dementia, su...

Developing effective drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is critically limited by insufficient brain exposure. To address this, structural optimization was employed to balance physicochemical properties and enhance bloo...

IntroductionHuman space exploration is progressing into an unprecedented era characterized by extended-duration missions, the establishment of permanent lunar bases, and planned crewed voyages to Mars. These activities i...

BackgroundFrailty is significantly more prevalent in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) than in general population, yet the underlying neuropathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aime...

ObjectiveChronic pain, a major global public health burden, is primarily driven by altered central pain processing, which conventional treatments rarely target directly. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesiz...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by profound metabolic disturbances in the brain, yet how these alterations vary across brain regions and respond to neuroprotective intervention remains poorly understood. Here...

BackgroundCurrent prognostic models for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) inadequately predict long-term cognitive and functional outcomes, focusing primarily on survival. We aimed to develop and validate a simple,...

The misuse of opioids has reached epidemic proportions over the last decade, with over 2.1 million people in the United States suffering from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers. This in...

Background and purposeWe observed that some late-term fetal prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed normal brain structures but exhibited diffuse hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the...