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BackgroundCancer cell evasion of the immune response is critical to cancer development and metastases. Clinicians' ability to kickstart the immune system to target these rogue cells is an ever-growing area of research an...

B cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in long-term humoral protection. However, dysregulation of B cell development and differentiation may lead to the persistence of autoreactive clones, contributing to autoimmu...

ObjectiveSarcopenia is a progressive and complex disorder associated with higher morbidity and mortality, which significantly increases the financial burden and medical costs. This study aims to investigate the relations...

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a major post-transcriptional RNA modification, and the demethylase ALKBH5 has emerged as a versatile but highly context-dependent regulator of RNA fate. This review integrates current evidence...

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have expanded treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet only a subset of patients achieves durable responses. Limited efficacy...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus with oncogenic potential. Persistent infections with high-risk HPV genotypes can drive malignant transformation in multiple tissues, resulting in distinct HPV-associated cancers....

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which plays a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory-immune microenvironment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Mount...

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer in adults. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has significantly im...

BackgroundThe dengue virus (DENV) can cause various clinical syndromes and organ damage, known as dengue fever, with the probability of developing severe dengue. However, the underlying mechanisms of host response agains...

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health burden. The immune-active (IA) phase, characterized by positive Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), elevated alani...

Bone infection is a severe disease caused by microbial invasion of bone tissue, characterized by inflammatory responses, bone destruction, and impaired repair. Its high recurrence rate and refractory nature have posed si...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a major challenge in hepatology. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of MASH, the particular mechanisms underlying disease development and the var...

BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) are life-threatening conditions initiated by pathogens entering the circulation, with Staphylococcus aureus among the most lethal causative agents. The liver is the primary site for...

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), yet response heterogeneity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain major challenges. Systemic i...

Transdifferentiated melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma characterized by phenotypic plasticity, loss of conventional melanocytic markers, and acquisition of features from other tissue lineages, often associated with a...

BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and is associated with high mortality in intensive care units. Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a frequent and severe comp...

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) is a host-adapted pathogen that causes severe systemic disease in cattle and presents a zoonotic risk to humans. While macrophages play a pivotal rol...

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hypoxia and histone lactylation are emerging regulators of tumor progression and immune escape. However...

BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous interplay between vascular dysfunction, immune activation, and progressive fibrosis. Despite advances in molecular characterization, ther...

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, yet the cellular determinants that drive heterogeneous treatment responses remain insufficiently understo...

IntroductionChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Given the limited effectiveness of current Ct screening and treatment programs, alongside the lack of...

IntroductionFc-mediated antibody effector functions play key roles in both antiviral immunity and immunopathology in COVID-19. While antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotox...

Vaccination is widely used to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), necessitating robust approaches for evaluating vaccine potency to ensure a consistent supply of effective and safe vaccines. Traditional (in vivo) poten...

Modern animal and crop production practices are associated with the regular use of antimicrobials, potentially increasing selection pressure on bacteria to become resistant. Alternative approaches are needed in order to ...