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BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), yet response heterogeneity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain major challenges. Systemic i...

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults that fails to meet survival endpoint criteria in current immunotherapy Phase III clinical trials. As a small subset of immunotherapy-responsive...

IntroductionDNGR-1 (CLEC9A), a C-type lectin receptor specifically expressed on human BDCA3+ and murine CD8α+/CD103+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) recep...

This mini-review aims to examine how molecular PET and immuno-PET may complement tissue-based biomarkers in gastric cancer immunotherapy by enabling whole-body assessment of target expression, stromal biology, immune eff...

BackgroundAllergic conjunctivitis (AC) frequently coexists with allergic rhinitis (AR), together known as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC), but ocular symptoms are often underemphasized in efficacy assessments using co...

ObjectiveDespite the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improving survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) triggered by ICIs have become a...

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, yet the cellular determinants that drive heterogeneous treatment responses remain insufficiently understo...

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have expanded treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet only a subset of patients achieves durable responses. Limited efficacy...

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hypoxia and histone lactylation are emerging regulators of tumor progression and immune escape. However...

Transdifferentiated melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma characterized by phenotypic plasticity, loss of conventional melanocytic markers, and acquisition of features from other tissue lineages, often associated with a...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with limited therapeutic options following the failure of standard adjuvant therapies. We present a 54-year-old female with stage IV cortisol-secreting ACC that progres...

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This review discusses the different cellular sources of CAFs and the main signaling pathways i...

IntroductionPrecision medicine emphasizes accurate patient stratification. However, existing molecular frameworks often fail to fully capture the intrinsic heterogeneity of breast cancer (BRCA). This study aims to establ...

BackgroundTherapeutic vulnerability in gastric cancer is profoundly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), yet reliable and clinically actionable preoperative indicators remain insufficient.MethodsWe developed a...

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent dementia, is primarily underpinned by the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Passive Aβ immunotherapy effectively reduces cerebral Aβ deposition but is limited by sever...

BackgroundThymoma is frequently associated with myasthenia gravis (MG), but the coexisting of stiff person syndrome (SPS) is exceedingly rare. This overlap syndrome poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, and its im...

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy. T-cell regulation plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. However, the progno...