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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an apicomplexan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals, including approximately one-third of the human population worldwide. Dense granule proteins (GRAs), secreted from speciali...

This literature review aims to synthesize current evidence on plastic bronchitis (PB), a disease characterized by varying degrees of branching cast formation in the airways. The rationale for undertaking this review stem...

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder primarily characterized by persistent facial erythema, episodic flushing, papules and pustules, as well as phymatous changes. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis o...

BackgroundTranscriptome−wide association study (TWAS) contributes to discovering novel susceptibility genes related to diseases. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been extensively applied to characterize cellu...

Uveitis is a group of diseases characterized by intraocular inflammation, closely associated with infectious, autoimmune, genetic, or environmental factors. Cell death, a critical biological process involved in developme...

BackgroundInfantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a severe age-specific epileptic encephalopathy with unclear pathogenesis, and neuroinflammation is involved in its progression. The HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway, a ...

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health burden. The immune-active (IA) phase, characterized by positive Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), elevated alani...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Several signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, such as Nrf2, NOX and NF-κB, have been implicated in the pathogenesis ...