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Abstract Semiconductor lithography, a pivotal process in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication, accounts for approximately 30% of production costs and faces significant challenges as feature sizes shrink to sub-nanometer s...

Abstract Autonomous driving systems critically rely on the precise detection of distant, small traffic signs to ensure safe and efficient navigation. Nonetheless, existing detection algorithms are confronted with several...

Abstract Facial Expression Recognition (FER) demonstrates significant value in practical scenarios such as intelligent human–computer interaction. However, conventional FER methods often struggle to balance performance...

Abstract Multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) systems assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have become a viable way to improve next-generation wireless networks. Howe...

Abstract Point cloud registration is the process of determining the optimal rigid body transformation matrix based on the corresponding point pairs between the source point cloud and the target point cloud to align the p...

Abstract The growing deployment of grid-connected voltage source inverters (GC-VSIs) in the smart grids poses some significant issues that include harmonic distortion, grid impedance fluctuations, nonlinear loading, and ...

Abstract Medical image segmentation is fundamental for delineating lesion and organ boundaries in clinical workflows. While UNet-based models remain widely used, CNN-dominant designs are limited in modeling long-range co...

Abstract Simulating the response of granular materials under realistic loading scenarios is essential for ensuring the reliability of geotechnical infrastructure. This task is particularly challenging because natural soi...

Abstract The latent features of RNA sequences are crucial for our understanding of their functions. Thus, Transformer-based nucleotide language models have received widespread attention; however, the O(n²) complexity of...

Abstract Topological protection ensures stability of information and particle transport against perturbations. We explore experimentally and computationally the topologically protected transport of magnetic colloids abov...