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Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) and emerging technologies have converged to drive the remarkable development of intelligent systems. The interconnection of physical objects, sensors, and tiny communication devices ...

Abstract Modern agriculture requires rapid, affordable tools to monitor crops and soils directly in the field. Cellulose, the structural polymer of plants, is emerging as a versatile foundation for lightweight, biodegrad...

Abstract Substantial efforts have been made to modernize and decarbonize the waste collection industry. Smart sensor-based waste collection (SWC) systems have been developed to optimize collection routes based on the act...

Abstract Hybrid Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) systems that combine electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) achieve higher classification accuracy but face computational bottlenec...

Abstract Wireless sensing systems enable real-time, non-contact monitoring for next-generation intelligent platforms. Ideal wireless sensing systems feature compact, low power consumption, and long communication range. H...

Abstract Thermal stress in electric two-wheeler hub motors is a major bottleneck affecting drivetrain reliability, safety, and efficiency—especially under varied terrain, aggressive riding profiles, and sensor reliabil...

Abstract The reflex arc is fundamental to the physiology of posture and robust locomotion. Mimicking biological reflexes in engineered systems has, therefore, high potential to improve robustness and learning performance...