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Introduction: The burden of disease attributable to tobacco use in Latin America is very high. Our objective was to evaluate the 10-year potential impact of current legislation related to cigarette packaging and warnings...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key soil functional group, with an important potential to increase crop productivity and sustainable agriculture including food security. However, there is clear evidence that lan...

Abstract Background Capsule endoscopy offers a new method for visualization of the gastrointestinal mucosa in horses where other imaging technologies have diagnostic limitations. Objectives To (1) test the feasibility of...

Abstract Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are well‐tolerated and are associated with normal life expecta...

Abstract Four 2‐month‐old foals were presented to an equine hospital with acute kidney injury caused by Leptospira interrogans infection. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, fever, and unwillingnes...

Abstract Background Crossmatching is used to prevent life‐threatening transfusion reactions in horses. Laboratory methods are laborious and technically challenging, which is impractical during emergencies. Hypothesis/O...

Abstract Background Retrospective research recently identified a possible relationship between duration of surgery and outcome in severely affected dogs treated surgically for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk hern...

Abstract Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations across most of the world has remained elusive in spite of advances in knowledge about this viral pathogen. A central feature of virus persevera...

Abstract Background Cardiac cachexia is common in people and dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the prevalence and effects of cardiac cachexia in cats are unknown. Objectives To determine the prevalence o...

Abstract Background Currently, the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats is not fully understood. Objective To identify novel biomarkers for CHF in cats caused by primary cardiomyopathy, particularly rel...

Abstract Myasthenia, a syndrome of impaired neuromuscular transmission, occurs as either an acquired or congenital condition. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies against the neur...

Abstract Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important component of the evaluation of horses with neurologic disease. Lumbosacral (LS) centesis is routine, but CSF is also collected from the space between...

Abstract Background Quantitative bacterial culture and susceptibility testing is the gold standard diagnostic for determining bacterial urinary tract infection. Transport of samples to external reference laboratories is ...

Abstract Background Three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of the cervical vertebral column enables more accurate identification of osseous and soft tissue lesions than traditional latero‐lateral radi...

Abstract Background Dental disorders, of which tooth root abscesses are best documented, are highly prevalent in alpacas. Identification of risk factors can be valuable for prevention of dental disorders in this species....

Abstract Background Total serum calcium (tCa) concentrations are poorly predictive of ionized calcium (iCa) status in dogs. Hypothesis There is an optimal threshold of tCa concentration that is highly predictive of ioniz...

Abstract Background Antimicrobial treatment protocols for foals with sepsis that do not improve clinically often are adjusted based on bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from samples collect...

Abstract Background Fecal water syndrome (FWS) is long‐standing and common in horses, particularly in central Europe. No large epidemiological data sets exist, and the cause remains elusive. Dysbiosis could play a role...

Abstract Background Cardiac disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), but its prevalence and clinical characteristics in North American IWs are incompletely described. Hypothesis...

Abstract Background Despite limited evidence of efficacy, antibiotic treatment is still frequently prescribed in dogs with uncomplicated acute diarrhea (AD). Objective To assess whether amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid has ...

Abstract Background Prolonged exposure to environmental antigens or allergens elicits an immune response in both healthy horses and those with mild asthma. Corticosteroids often are used to treat lower airway inflammatio...

Abstract Background Mild asthma in horses decreases racing performance and impairs gas exchange. The efficacy of treatment on performance is unknown. Hypothesis Treatment targeting lung inflammation improves V˙O2peak in...

Abstract Background In humans, absorption and tissue retention rates of intramuscularly administered hydroxocobalamin (OH‐Cbl) are superior compared to cyanocobalamin (CN‐Cbl). Supplementation with OH‐Cbl has not b...