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ABSTRACT Background and Aims T‐tube drainage has traditionally been used after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) to reduce the risk of bile leakage; however, it is associated with prolonged hospital sta...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrinological disorder characterized by secretion of parathormone and hypercalcemia. More than 80% of the cases are asymptomatic and are diagnosed during differential diagnosis of hyp...

The social and economic importance of small-scale fisheries is frequently under-valued, and they are rarely effectively managed. There is now growing consensus on how these fisheries could be managed for sustainability a...

Abstract Background Primary intramuscular hydatid disease is an exceptionally rare form of Echinococcus granulosus infection, accounting for only 0.5–5% of cases. Paravertebral muscle involvement is particularly uncomm...

Abstract Background Small cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy that most commonly arises in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or pancreas. Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the en...

Background: The Gauteng Department of Basic Education introduced smartboards into education early in 2010 and provided continuous training to teachers around the province. However, 15 years later, a discernible gap stil...

Abstract Background Primary suprapubic hernias are rare abdominal wall defects, particularly in women without prior pelvic or lower abdominal surgery. Their deep anatomical location and soft-tissue contents may cause cli...

Primary teeth play a vital role as masticatory organs that support the digestive process in children. Preterm low birth weight (PTLBW) is a significant public health concern in many countries and may adversely affect chi...

Multiple Primary Cancers (MPCs), especially synchronous combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) complicated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, are extremely rare clinically. This case report discusses a 73-ye...

Abstract Purpose Intraoperative brain bulge (IOBB) is a serious and potentially life-threatening surgical complication. This study aimed to examine the predictive value of the hematoma thickness-to-midline shift (HT/MS) ...

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death, with 80% of deaths occurring in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Improving access to screening and early d...

Abstract Background: Prenatal care is an essential component of maternal and child health promotion, and, when it is improperly offered, it can result in adverse maternal and perinatal conditions. Objective: To analyze...

Background: South Africa’s population experiences high rates of gender-based violence (GBV), with primary care emergency centres (ECs) often being the first point of contact for victim-survivors of violence. The abili...

Background: This study reports on the quantitative research phase of a mixed-methods study that investigated patients’ acceptance of an application (app)-based telemedicine service for primary care aimed at South Afri...

Background Development of hypocalcemia after treatment of hyperparathyroidism results in increased costs and risk of poorer outcomes. Previous studies have shown conflicting data about predictors of hypocalcemia after th...

Breast cancer spreading to different organs have been related to different molecules and mechanisms, but cutaneous metastasis remains unexplored. Increasing evidence showed that MUC1 and some of its carbohydrate associat...

Abstract Primary health care (PHC) is the most effective way to improve people's health and well-being, and primary care services should act as the cornerstone of a resilient health system and the foundation of universal...

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (COD) is one of the important factors implicated in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension (HT). Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement has been used widely to determine the C...

Background: Caregivers are individuals responsible for assisting older, sick, or disabled persons. The majority of care services are provided by family members acting as primary caregivers. Providing care for older peopl...

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between caries in primary teeth and caries in permanent teeth among primary school students, and to identify potential effect modifiers of this relationship. Methods: This retr...

Abstract Background Strengthening urban primary healthcare (PHC) systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is essential to effectively serve the growing urban poor. Such reforms should incorporate patient opini...

Objective: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition in young adults, with multiple surgical options available. The optimal technique remains debated due to trade-offs between recurrence, healing time, and pati...

Abstract Background NEDD8 ultimate buster 1 is an interferon-inducible tumor suppressor increasingly recognized as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Low cytoplasmic expression correlates with aggressive disease, y...

Abstract Background Coronary collateral circulation may limit myocardial injury during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the magnitude of this association with mortality in contemporary practice remains unc...