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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-induced dementia and vascular dementia, are major public health burdens. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, systemic inflammation, ...

Abstract Background Holmes tremor (HT) is a rare, symptomatic movement disorder characterized by a low-frequency tremor present at rest, with postural and intentional components. It is typically caused by combined lesion...

Background and purposeThe aging brain is particularly sensitive to alterations in selenium status. Selenium deficiency has been associated with impaired neural function, cognitive decline, and increased vulnerability to ...

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder mainly associated with aquaporin-4 antibodies. While it primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal co...

Depression represents a significant global public health problem, negatively affecting patients’ quality of life and social functioning. Despite the increasing availability of effective pharmacological and psychotherap...

Neurological disorders such as post-stroke hemiplegia, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson disease represent a major global health burden. Brain-computer interface (BCI), which creates direct communication pathways between...

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, affecting multiple organ systems. Within the central nervous system obesity causes a series of disruptions that can significantly affect neurologica...

Abstract Background Sarcopenia, altered bone and systemic metabolism, physical frailty and cognitive decline are age-dependent and interrelated phenomena. Sleep disorders which are erroneously considered as part of the a...

Chronic psychosocial stress is a major risk factor for anxiety, depression and related disorders, yet a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis centric framework alone is insufficient to explain stress-induced vulnerab...

Kai Chen,1,* Yiqing Nong,1,* Ying Liu,2 Ziming Ye3 1Department of Neurology, Guangxi Medical University Kaiyuan Langdong Hospital, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitat...

Sex hormone related disorders, characterized by complex etiology and long-term health risks, pose a significant challenge to global health. Hormone-based therapies are often accompanied by adverse effects and fail to add...

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major and growing global health challenge, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, multifactorial pathophysiology, and limited disease-modifying pharmacological options. Increa...

This review reexamines the mechanism by which acupuncture (especially electroacupuncture) modulates pain-related affective disorders from an integrative functional framework. We propose that the efficacy of acupuncture s...

In the growing diversity of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models of brain development, we present here a novel method that exhibits 3D cortical layer formation in a reproducible topography of minimal...

The fascia, a pervasive connective tissue network, has traditionally been studied for its structural and biomechanical roles in the human body. However, emerging evidence suggests that fascia may also play a significant ...

Lucie Bartova,1 Mara Lisa Beuster,2 Bruno Bonetti,3 Giuseppe Maina,4,5 Pedro Morgado,6 Johan Nyberg7 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, and Comprehensive Center for Clin...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by progressive functional decline and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. At the biological level, aging is chara...

Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an extremely lethal cerebrovascular emergency that can lead to severe long term neurological deficits. Modern research evidence indicates that the incidence of SAH varies signifi...

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting multiple brain regions on the recovery of consciousness in patients with minimally conscious state (...

Organotypic slice culture is a sophisticated technique historically used in cellular and developmental neurobiology to investigate three-dimensional architecture and cellular interactions. Maintaining thin tissue slices ...

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common multifactorial disorders involving chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, and abnormalities in motility and gut–br...

Abstract Introduction Klippel–Feil syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae. It may be associated with malformations in other systems, including auditory abno...

IntroductionSouth American camelids (SACs) and dromedaries presenting with neurological abnormalities are increasingly common in veterinary practice. Advanced diagnostic imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (C...

Abstract Background SPTBN1 encodes βII-spectrin, a cytoskeletal protein essential for neuronal structure and function. Pathogenic variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder known as DDISBA (Developmental ...