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Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) function in both shoots and roots as key components of plant immunity, yet their biological roles in roots remain poorly understood. Here, we established a co...

Immune responses and inflammation are not stand-alone processes linearly regulated by the canonical signaling pathways but complex systems biology events, which are deeply rooted in the metabolic state of cells and dynam...

Abstract Mollisols of the Eurasian steppe belt are highly productive soils whose hydraulic functioning depends on aggregate hierarchy and management-induced structural dynamics. This study compared the hydro-structural p...

Abstract A compartmental mathematical model was developed to examine the transmission dynamics of chikungunya, integrating media awareness and optimal control strategies. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic infectious cate...

Abstract Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox present significant, yet underappreciated challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Leveraging brain imaging and behavioral data from over 4000 individuals and a Bayesian comput...

Abstract Effective evacuation strategies are critical for preventing stampedes in large-scale, high-density crowd management. This paper develops a second-order sliding mode controller within a distributed parameter syst...

Emergency evasive maneuvers unfold in short near-limit windows in which combined-slip saturation, load transfer, and rapidly varying friction make onset-computation budget and model mismatch critical to collision-avoidan...

Background and Aim: Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) continue to pose a significant threat to livestock production and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The control of ticks has relied predominantly on th...

IntroductionCognitive reappraisal is widely regarded as adaptive; however, strategies that impose control to reduce unpleasant emotion may involve tradeoffs when individuals encounter personally meaningful reminders of p...

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) reduces power system inertia, causing severe frequency excursions following disturbances. Conventional Automatic Generation Control (AGC) using fixed-gain cont...

In this paper, we construct and analyze a mosquito-borne disease model with chemotaxis in a homogeneous environment. Different from traditional modes that mosquitoes disperse with local diffusion, we correlate the chemot...

Abstract It is well documented that ADHD is associated with challenges in inhibitory control. However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms that give rise to these difficulties are not well established. Here, we employ a ...

This article examines the long-term effects of a local public repopulation policy based on the attraction of international immigrants, implemented in the rural municipality of Aguaviva (Teruel, Spain) since 2000. Using a...

IntroductionReliable classification of lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) images remains a challenging problem due to variations in image intensity, noise, and unstable feature representations during deep network...

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) orchestration faces critical challenges in managing the Service Quality Index (SQI), Fleet Utilization Ratio (FUR), and Dynamic Pricing Index (DPI) under uncertain and time-varying urban dema...

Understanding LULC dynamics is essential for biodiversity conservation. This study quantified historical LULC changes from 1987 to 2023 and projected future trends (2023-2059) in Borana National Park (BNP) in southern Et...

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major atmospheric pollutant in China, and understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for effective air quality management. Using hourly SO2 data from more than 2000 urban monitoring ...

Introduction. Scalar control (SC) and field-oriented control (FOC) are widely used in sensorless induction motor (IM) drives for their balance of performance and cost. Among estimation techniques, the voltage-model (VM) ...

IntroductionUrban wetlands are considered an important nature-based solution to mitigate flood impacts in built-up areas like Colombo, Sri Lanka, due to rapid urbanization and intensifying rainfall events. Wetlands withi...

Abstract Facial expressions exhibit a wide range of emotions. They are regulated by neural mechanisms in the brain that are beyond one’s control. Facial expressions are largely involuntary. The term “micro facial exp...

This paper proposes a multimodal perception-fusion-based control method for flexible exoskeleton robots to address challenges in human–robot collaboration and interaction accuracy. First, after analyzing the human–ro...

Nonlinear response conception in rotating machinery, particularly in systems with squeeze film dampers (SFDs), pose significant challenges for established time-domain numerical methods due to bifurcations and critical po...

Discretization of continuous models can do more than approximate their dynamics; it can fundamentally transform their dynamical behavior, such as the complex dynamical behavior that translates the system to a chaotic sta...

BackgroundBuilt environments shape navigation, attention, and motor control through continuous brain–body-environment coupling, yet architecture, rehabilitation, and clinical mobility practice still lack a shared quant...