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Abstract Background The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), when chronically activated, is harmful and RAAS‐suppressive drugs are beneficial in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). Mineralocort...

The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication.The ESC is not responsib...

Abstract Background The pathophysiology of heart failure involves maladaptive angiotensin peptides (APs) and enzymes, including angiotensin 2 (AT2) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as well as recently described a...

Abstract Background Studies describing the clinical progression of animals with reverse patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are lacking. Objectives To describe the signalment, presenting signs, echocardiographic features, and...

Abstract Background Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are commonly prescribed in dogs, but the ideal dosage is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives In dogs with cardiac disease, a dose‐response relationship ...

The new pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus, has spread worldwide, and infected millions of individuals causing the disease denominated of COVID-19. Further on flu symptoms, due to the high tropism of virus, has most ...

The emergency caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the Covid-19 disease, has triggered a global pandemic. One of the most characteristic factors of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the deregulated activation of ...