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High latitudes, characterized by extremely low temperatures, unique day–night cycles, and year-round ice and snow cover, present substantial challenges for energy supply and sustainability. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs...

Aerosol–cirrus interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate models due to the complex interplay of aerosol properties, ice nucleation pathways, and atmospheric conditions. In this study, we investigate ...

This study examines lunar regolith space weathering as a function of wavelength, terrain type, and latitude using multiple datasets to quantify global and regional trends in surface reflectance and emission. Distinguishi...

Cloud morphological transitions strongly influence radiative effects and the regional radiation budget. Marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs) over the northwestern Atlantic feature such transitions. Characterizing these tran...

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Early sexual initiation was defined as the experience of first intercourse before 18 years of age. It has negative health, social, and economic consequences with an increased lifetime preva...

Abstract The Alum Shale Formation of Baltica preserves one of the most continuous and fossil-rich records for the Cambrian Period. Thus, the Alum Shale is a key sedimentary archive for refining global chronostratigraphy,...

Drought–flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events, characterized by rapid transitions between drought and flood conditions, pose severe challenges to agricultural production, water resource management, and infrastructure ...

Abstract Background Zanthoxylum armatum is a vital economic crop in China, but its cultivation is challenged by abiotic stresses like drought and cold. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) are central signal...

Aircraft emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx= NO + NO2), aerosols, and aerosol precursors provide a non-negligible contribution to the climate impact of air traffic, and the uncertainty in their climate Effective Rad...

Measurements from global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) have proven effective for applications in sea surface height (SSH). Deep learning-based methods for spaceborne GNSS-R SSH retrieval can effectiv...

The evolution of starspots of the giant primaries of RS CVn systems is typically detected indirectly with photometric and spectroscopic monitoring. These observations suggest slowly-evolving stellar surfaces and can cons...

Holoplanktonic gastropods (pteropods and heteropods) are major components of modern Indo–West Pacific (IWP) plankton, yet their fossil record in this region remains sparse. Expanding the spatial and temporal coverage o...

Abstract Chenopodioideae plants are dominant components of desert ecosystems in arid regions of China and Central Asia and play key roles in maintaining ecosystem stability, while also providing valuable systems for unde...

BackgroundGastroschisis is a right−sided, full−thickness defect with extra-amnionic herniation of abdominal contents directly into the amniotic cavity. The causes of gastroschisis remain obscure. We hypothesized that...

Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) offers a unique means of retrieving vertical atmospheric profiles with high precision and global coverage. This study investigates the spatiotemporal charact...

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of fruit maturity stage, storage container type, and storage duration on the content of active compounds and vitamins in hot pepper fruits (Capsicum frutescens L.), as these are im...