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Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is the master transcription factor of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is essential for maintaining immune tolerance. FOXP3 is stably expressed in Tregs, driving their suppressive function, and it i...

We previously reported that inherited human retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγT) deficiency underlies mycobacterial disease and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in seven patients from three ances...

Disrupted hippocampal performance underlies psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive impairments in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. To understand the contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) to amyo...

Abstract Background Developing regenerative therapies to restore kidney function in patients with progressive renal disease represents a major challenge for modern molecular nephrology. Kidney organoids, three-dimensiona...

Abstract Background Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin is routinely measured as a pregnancy marker in women of reproductive age prior to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Although a positive result commonly ...

Environmental factors such as air pollution, weather events, and ambient toxins are major contributors to human disease, with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. In Puerto Rico, chronic exposure to air po...

Abstract Background Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases that transmit between animals and humans, against a backdrop of increasing levels of forced migration, present a major challenge to global public health. This review pro...

A growing number of studies are now utilizing human organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSC), enabled by improved long-term culture protocols that support the investigation of human-specific cellular physiology. Human OBS...

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the Americas. NCDs are largely preventable because of the modifiable nature of their risk factors, including the elevated c...

The clinical evolution of patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) is mainly associated with an excessive inflammation and a defective immunomodulatory profile caused by the interaction between T. cruzi and the host. R...

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a complex multifactorial infectious disorder of the female reproductive tract, associated with severe long-term sequelae including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic p...

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) signaling promotes disease-associated microglia (DAM) and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional anti-TREM2 agonist antibodies ...

Abstract Globally, shrimp aquaculture is a vital source of food, but disease outbreaks present serious economic challenges. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as visual inspection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

BackgroundThe research on human microbiota-associated (HMA) animal models is an important tool for studying the human microbiome and holds great potential for elucidating disease mechanisms and microbe-based therapeutic ...

Human vital-sign sensing using electromagnetic wave has emerged as a promising technology for the noninvasive monitoring of individuals’ health status. Here, a modular reprogrammable metasurface system is presented t...

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is strongly associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired glymphatic clearance. These dysfunctions may precede, contribute to, and interact bidirectionally with AD pathol...

Introduction: Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus is regarded as the most effective way to prevent disease. Selection of appropriate vaccine strains is challenging due to lack of cross-protection between ser...

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis ...

Abstract Background The pathophysiology of heart failure involves maladaptive angiotensin peptides (APs) and enzymes, including angiotensin 2 (AT2) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as well as recently described a...

Introduction. The most commonly diagnosed cancer group in humans is cancers of the skin. One pre‑invasive form of squamous cell carcinoma is Bowen's disease. It manifests in the form of single or multiple lesions, whi...

Scabies mite infection in the developing countries was globally recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO in 2012. The morbidity worldwide persists at a permanent level of 300 million infections per year. Tha...

Abstract Background As of 2025, cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains a major threat to human life. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still considered life-threatening and therefore prompt diagnosis and immediate int...

Abstract Since the twenty first century, the outbreaks of global infectious diseases have caused several public health emergencies of international concern, imposing an enormous impact on population health, the economy, ...

Human herpes infections are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) are frequent causes of ocular pathology. Ocular herpes is a recurrent disease, and its compl...