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Abstract Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle size in multiple species, and therefore, myostatin blockade has been therapeutically explored to promote muscle growth in humans, including to counter the muscle lo...

Abstract Choosing to approach or avoid is common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of anxiety disorders. We use intracranial EEG to define a prefrontal-limbic circuit supporting approach and ...

This systematic review, conducted under the COST Action CA20218 “Promoting Innovation of fermented foods” (PIMENTO), aimed to evaluate whether sourdough- and regular-bread fermentation improve iron bioavailability, a...

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Among Paramyxoviruses (PMVs), measles virus (MeV) and human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) are major contributors to respiratory tract infections worldwide. Despite recurrent outbreaks of MeV and...

This protocol outlines planned methodology for a systematic review and meta-analysis of dopaminergic neuroimaging findings in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Converging evidence across substance use disorders...

We report that a novel Arabidopsis thaliana kinase cascade shows telltale similarities to the kinase cascades of oxidative stress response kinases (OSRKs) from humans and animals. A previously uncharacterized A. thaliana...

The Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen known for causing severe illnesses in both animals and humans, including encephalitis and respiratory issues. In this study, we present a nonlinear system of ordinary differen...

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) was identified in 2014 as a novel inborn error of immunity caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in ADA2. DADA2 patients express two predominant clinical phenotypes: (1) auto...

Abstract Advances in AI are transforming decision making teams. A fundamental open question is whether AI agents elicit social conformity effects comparable to human peers. If so, a critical challenge is determining whet...

Abstract The heart critically depends on a continuous supply of oxygen, provided by myocardial blood flow (MBF), but reliable quantification of MBF during maximal exercise is not feasible in humans. We measured MBF at re...

Abstract Antibody specificity is primarily derived from immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, which exhibit extensive genetic polymorphism both within and across species. Non-human primates (NHP) such as pigtail macaques are often ...

ObjectivesThis systematic review evaluated the scientific evidence on the effects of flavors in electronic cigarettes in animal models and their impact on human health, aiming to understand the potential risks associated...

Throughout history, our capacity to shed tears has attracted the attention of poets, writers, philosophers, and scholars. Moreover, humans' fascination with tears is evident in the significant roles they played in legend...

Abstract A growing body of evidence supports the role of nutrient sensing and metabolism pathways in regulating ageing rate and healthspan, but the diversity of human lifestyles challenges our ability to identify the mec...

Children with disabilities have difficulty actualizing themselves in independence and interacting with their peers. Life experiences involving emotions such as self-actualization, understanding the meaning of life and re...

Since most physiology core concepts are equally applicable to humans and other multicellular organisms, human physiology instructors may reasonably wonder whether consistent use of nonhuman assessment questions would enh...

Abstract Purpose MELD Graph is a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) model for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but its performance remains limited, highlighting the need to investigate wh...

Abstract Callithrix comprises primates popularly known as marmosets. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the occurrence of a hybrid form of invasive species prevails. These animals, treated here as Callithrix spp., host sever...

Abstract This study investigates the population history and subsistence of farming communities at the Erdaojingzi site (ca. 3700–3330 cal. BP), a well-preserved Bronze Age settlement located in the agro-pastoral trans...

Abstract The reflex arc is fundamental to the physiology of posture and robust locomotion. Mimicking biological reflexes in engineered systems has, therefore, high potential to improve robustness and learning performance...

African and Western thought differ in their approaches to the eco-dilemma. The primary difference is rooted in a distinct worldview. A predominant Western dichotomy between the material and the spiritual, and the sacred ...

Exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been a cause for concern for decades due to evidence linking exposure to these substances with adverse health effects. Its widespread use in industrial and cons...

Abstract In recent times, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated toxicological and pathological evidence of microplastic exposure in neurological dysfunction and diseases. The mechanistic linkage of micropla...

Abstract Empirical evidence has demonstrated the power of AI to influence human decisions and the risk of humans acquiring AI biases. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop strategies to mitigate such threat. In thr...