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Immune responses and inflammation are not stand-alone processes linearly regulated by the canonical signaling pathways but complex systems biology events, which are deeply rooted in the metabolic state of cells and dynam...

The nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB1) pathway is a central regulator of inflammatory gene expression. NFKB1 haploinsufficiency can present with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)...

Abstract Proton-secreting cells in various organs, such as the kidney and epididymis, regulate pH balance, maintain cellular homeostasis, and support key physiological processes. More recently, these specialized cells ha...

BackgroundComplex inflammatory phenotypes in children can pose significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings do not conform to established diagnoses. We present ...

Faiz Minhajuddin,1 Sean P Colgan,1,2 Ian M Cartwright1,2 1Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; 2VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Au...

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, triggers severe inflammation and reproductive complications in both humans and animals. The standard treatment protocol relies on prolonged antibiotic courses, often combining streptomyci...

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), yet response heterogeneity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain major challenges. Systemic i...

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major global public health challenge with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although preclinical studies suggest that Maxing Huoqiao (MXHQ) granule may have therapeutic pot...

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) and fully N-acetylated chitooligosaccharides (NACOS) differ in degree of acetylation (DA), yet their anti-inflammatory activities remain unclear. This study evaluated COS and NACOS with define...

IntroductionThe emergence of immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has exposed limitations in the breadth and durability of protection conferred by current Spike-based vaccines, highlighting the need for next-generation app...

The interplay between thyroid hormone action and the immune system has been established in physiological and pathological settings. However, their connection is complex and still not completely understood. The thyroid ho...

BackgroundThe intestinal barrier is a critical interface between the host and the external environment, and growing evidence indicates that bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier is...

The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has increased in the last years. Although anti-VEGF agents have improved the prognosis of exudative AMD, dry AMD has still devastating effects on elderly people vi...

Platelets play a crucial role in atherothrombosis, as demonstrated by the effectiveness of the antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Low-dose aspiri...

BackgroundThe cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a well-known immune checkpoint inhibitor. Heterozygous germline mutations in CTLA4 in humans lead to immune deficiency, autoimmunity, auto-inflammatio...

Galectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins with pleiotropic functions and widespread distribution. Fifteen members have been identified in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Through recognition o...

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM). In this study, we determined if microparticles (MPs) generated during Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection carry the host?s signature ...

NCKAP1L encodes hematopoietic protein-1 (HEM1), a component of the WASp family verproline-homologous protein (WAVE) actin regulatory complex, activated downstream of multiple immune receptors. HEM1 deficiency disrupts WA...

While studying familial celiac disease, we identified four individuals with a rare heterozygous loss-of-function variant in the highly conserved, early-evolved ABCF1 gene. In addition, the 246 individuals heterozygous fo...

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited inborn error of immunity caused by low or absent Bruton tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in impaired B cell development, poor immunoglobulin production, and severe, re...

Bone infection is a severe disease caused by microbial invasion of bone tissue, characterized by inflammatory responses, bone destruction, and impaired repair. Its high recurrence rate and refractory nature have posed si...

Abstract Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The vaginal microbiome influences pregnancy outcomes by effecting immunity, epithelial in...

IntroductionSTING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is a rare, severe type I interferonopathy caused by gain-of-function mutations in STING1, leading to early-onset systemic inflammation, cutaneous vas...