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Protecting soils from degradation is a significant area of research in international environmental law. Almost all states face soil degradation problems and are striving to solve them at a national level. The quality of ...

This article examines how power, discourse, and law interact to drive escalation in the Israel–Iran rivalry. It asks under what conditions a claim of self-defence crosses into unlawful prevention. The framework combine...

The modern security landscape is defined by unpredictable and complex risks that blur the lines between internal and external threats. Integrating these challenges into national strategies is mandatory. To maintain globa...

The contemporary world is characterised by an escalation in military conflicts and political and economic instability, which have a substantial impact on the economic security of the individual. The ongoing war in Ukrain...

The aim of the article is to justify the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) from European Union countries as a financial instrument supporting China’s rapid economic growth, while emphasizing the security implicat...

As the Internet of Things (IoT) in critical information infrastructure rapidly scales up, its widespread deployment in sectors such as energy, transportation, and industry is introducing unprecedented security challenges...

This study examines the role of trust as an institutional factor shaping economic security and argues that the institutionalization of trust creates essential preconditions for the predictability of economic processes, t...

By the advent of the New Labour government in 1997, under Prime Minister Tony Blair, the UK became actively involved in various international conflicts, including the war in Kosovo (1998), Afghanistan (2001), and Iraq (2...

Iran's nuclear program has become a strategic issue influencing the security architecture of the Middle East, particularly during the 2020–2024 period. Since the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan...

The fundamental norms of the United Nations Charter, particularly the prohibition on the use of force and the inviolability of state sovereignty, have been repeatedly challenged in the modern security landscape. The June...

In the first quarter of the 21st century, despite all forms of social and other progress, the world has not achieved lasting peace. Social conflict and war, as its worst form, are as old as humanity itself, and it is inc...

Context and background Community Land Protection in Kenya gained traction with the enactment of the Community Land Act in 2016. The stakeholders, comprising state and non-state actors, have since made significant progr...

Plants constitute the foundation of life on Earth, providing oxygen, food, and ecosystem services essential for human well-being. At the same time, they are among the most threatened components of biodiversity, with curr...

Abstract BackgroundAs Saudi Arabia aims to enhance the adoption and utilization of mobile health (mHealth) apps in the health care sector, it is vital to identify the potential challenges that may be faced in...

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are becoming a key component of Poland’s energy security. Due to location and nature, they are vulnerable to hybrid threats. The author of the article discussed OWFs as a new component of cri...

This study examines how the Russian invasion of Ukraine affects the security strategies of Nordic countries. In light of this increased threat, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark have reevaluated their defence strategies. Finl...

The article elucidates the status and prospects of protecting real estate of educational institutions at the regional level under martial law. The article provides a comprehensive definition of the legal mechanisms for e...

As an important strategic resource for safeguarding national information security and the healthy development of digital economy, cryptography is the cornerstone of protecting the security of critical infrastructure, gov...

The purpose of this article is to present the role and current state of communications among the agencies of the modern administration of the Republic of Poland. The article addresses legal, organisational, and technical...