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Market definition is fundamental to EU competition law. It serves as a preliminary step in assessing dominance, anti-competitive conduct, and merger control. With respect to the pharmaceutical sector, traditional approac...

The European Union (EU) is currently overhauling its pharmaceutical regulations, seeking to mature a single market for medicines as part of a ‘European Health Union’. We reflect on the interactions between regulation...

This article presents a comprehensive study of the current state, requirements, and development prospects of the data analyst and data scientist professions in the context of digital economic transformation and dynamic c...

Abstract Background Hypertension continues to be a major cause of illness and death worldwide, with its prevalence rising quickly in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, market women are a crucial socio-economic g...

German transmission system operators received around 400 GW of battery storage connection requests in 2024, an enormous increase from the current 2.3 GW installed capacity. However, uncertainty remains regarding the impa...

The purpose of this article is to analyse the key trends in Ukraine’s foreign trade reorientation and institutional support of competition under the influence of war and European integration processes. The study focuse...

In the ever-evolving digital era, businesses must face rapid and complex changes. New technologies, changing consumer behavior, and global challenges require business actors to have sound adaptation strategies. However, ...

This article critically analyses the enforcement framework of the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA), with a focus on its early operational phase. The DMA establishes a new regulatory regime that addresses entrenched platform ...

Over the past few decades, the pharmaceutical sector has witnessed the occurrence of a particular type of agreement used to settle patent disputes between originator and generic drug manufacturers: so-called reverse paym...

Abstract We study the wage effects of an expansion of for-profit preschools in Sweden, which followed after a reform in 2006 removed municipalities’ right to veto private entry. The expansion decreased preschool employ...

Abstract The pressing demand for decarbonization within the context of economic development has generated substantial opportunities for the rapid growth of renewable energy. Consequently, further research is essential to...

The present article examines four interrelated elements of the economy: namely, markets, labour, production, and distribution. These elements thus function as principles and laws. This approach is predicated on the premi...

Durban has faced criticism for its underperformance in global business tourism, largely due to fragmented stakeholder collaboration, weak destination management, and inconsistent brand orientation. This study aims to enh...

Customer retention has become a critical concern in Indonesia’s banking industry, where intensifying competition requires banks to move beyond transactional approaches toward more relationship-oriented strategies. This...

Algorithms pose interesting challenges to competition law, particularly discussing which practices involving this fast-paced technologies may or should be caught under Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the ...

Uganda, a land locked and net oil importing country, upward shift in the international oil price are normally matched with increase in the local consumer fuel prices. However, when there is a downward adjustment in the i...

This study analyzes how migration and other factors affect employment and unemployment in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan using statistical methods and finds that economic and educational opportunities attract migrants, thereb...

The European Union (EU) has recently re-embraced industrial policy as a central instrument of economic governance, driven in particular by the challenges of climate change and intensifying geopolitical competition. This ...

The developing Asia is struggling to overcome the socioeconomic challenges imposed by higher unemployment, a less developed local economy, a struggle to preserve local culture, and a lack of focus on sustainable developm...

Redox flow batteries, as a key long-duration energy storage technology underpinning new power systems, have become a strategic focus in global energy transition. Their industrialization process is highly dependent on per...

This paper studies the attitude of employees as a reflection of management and reveals how it influences the quality of communication in trade. The analysis carried out starts from the premise that the interaction betw...

This article examines how export dependencies shape the EU’s industrial policy dynamics amid intensifying techno-nationalist rivalry between the US and China. While existing scholarship on how the intensifying geopolit...

Advanced materials, serving as the core material foundation underpinning economic transformation, national defense security, and technological revolution, directly determine national competitiveness through their researc...