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Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) demands a fundamental transformation in how toxicological test methods are validated. Traditional validation approaches, designed for animal tests and mainly for simple in vitro met...

IntroductionCurrent regulatory neurotoxicity guidelines do not include behavioral endpoints that capture stress-related responses. Zebrafish larvae prior to independent feeding offer a promising vertebrate model for deve...

Materias / palabras clave: new approach methodologies (nams), toxicology and safety testing, 21st century toxicity testing, in vitro and in silico methods, machine learning and artificial intelligence, replacement reduction and refinement (3rs) of...