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IntroductionEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disease with skin and mucosal fragility. Severe cases present major physical and psychological compromise, contributing to comorbidities and reducing oral health-r...

Introduction: The advancement of AI-assisted oral disease diagnosis critically relies on the availability of annotated, high-quality datasets and resilient deep learning architectures. Nevertheless, progress in this doma...

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. It is among the top three cancers in India, along with cervical and breast cancer. Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED) represe...

Abstract This study introduces a SMARTphone-based, expert annotated dataset of Oral Mucosa images (SMART-OM), collected to facilitate the development of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) technologies f...

Introduction and aims: Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) produces complex clinical data, while artificial intelligence (AI) applications in this field remain limited despite great potential. This study aimed to map t...

Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour with high-local invasiveness and lymph node metastasis potential. It is associated with poor prognosis and postoperative cosmetic complications. There...

Purpose: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide, and predicting Early Enamel Caries (EEC) and Advanced Enamel Caries (AEC) in intraoral imaging is a significant clinical research challenge. To...

Introduction and aims: For decades, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment have primarily depended on physical models, imaging techniques, and three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies. Nevertheless, single-modal data exh...

Serum sickness is an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, classically manifested by the triad of fever, rash, and arthralgias. It results from the formation and deposition of antigen–antibody complexes, l...

Objectives: This study aimed to develop an automated deep learning (DL) system to detect and classify second molar (M2) pathologies associated with impacted third molars (ITMs) on panoramic radiographs. We sought to enha...

IntroductionOromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome (OLHS) Type IIIA is an exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, with only a few cases documented in the literature. It is characterized by developmental hypoplasia of the...

Lymphocytic Infundibulo-Neurohypophysitis (LINH) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder selectively involving the posterior pituitary and stalk, commonly presenting as Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI). Due to its non...

IntroductionVaginal seeding has been proposed to restore the microbiome of babies born via caesarean section, but the associated risk of infection is unknown. We present the first case of disseminated candidiasis after v...

Introduction and aims: This article aims to answer how emerging technologies, education, and governance can be strategically integrated to improve oral health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). By focusing on Vene...

IntroductionSporotrichosis is an uncommon but emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis can disseminate and result in significant morbidity and mortality, despite tr...

Introduction: Neonatal intussusception is a rare cause of bowel obstruction, particularly in preterm infants, and may mimic necrotizing enterocolitis. When a lead point is identified, Meckel's diverticulum is among the m...

IntroductionAdenosine deaminase–deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising ∼15% of SCID cases. Newborn screening (NBS) relies on T cell receptor excision circl...

BackgroundRAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder (RALD) is a rare immune-dysregulation syndrome caused by pathogenic mutations in RAS–MAPK pathway genes, most commonly KRAS. It is characterized by autoim...

HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) pose a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where high HIV prevalence promotes tuberculosis progression and complicates its management. In peo...

Abstract Background Scurvy has re-emerged in association with neurodevelopmental and eating disorders, particularly selective eating. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric scurvy cases...

Abstract Background Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations (RAU) are among the most frequent oral ulcers with unknown etiology and multiple risk factors. This study assessed the prevalence profile of aphthous ulcers, risk factor...

BackgroundBehçet’s disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder whose diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping features with other inflammatory conditions and primary immunodeficiencies (1). In patients with ...

BackgroundComplex inflammatory phenotypes in children can pose significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings do not conform to established diagnoses. We present ...

IntroductionHaploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in TNFAIP3, resulting in dysregulated NF-κB activation. Clinical presentations are h...