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Abstract Background Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation ...

The research area, namely the Kapuas River, serves as a disposal site for waste from household activities, including bathing, washing, and sanitation (MCK), as well as waste from the industrial and plantation sectors. PT...

Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects and fate of contaminant substances on ecosystems. It aims to determine if there is an ecological risk by comparing the concentration that produces toxic effects with the environm...

Coastal regions are sectors where human activities impact the marine ecosystem, and if necessary control measures are not taken, they can generate negative consequences for health and ecosystem services. Within the frame...

Introduction: In recent decades, Caribbean coral reefs have lost many vital marine species due to diseases. The well-documented mass mortality event of the long-spined black sea urchin Diadema antillarum in the early 198...