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After root canal treatment, tooth will be more fragile due to loss of tooth structure integrity as a result of the caries process, access preparation, reduced water, and or tooth fracture. This is the main consideration ...

Tooth discoloration is categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic types, with the latter caused by external staining agents such as pigmented beverages (e.g., black tea). Whitening toothpastes are commonly used to address ...

Primary teeth play a vital role as masticatory organs that support the digestive process in children. Preterm low birth weight (PTLBW) is a significant public health concern in many countries and may adversely affect chi...

Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure. Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and collagen are key indicators of wound healing following tooth extraction. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium-rich material that promotes the sec...

Abstract The forming quality of metal bipolar plate (BPP) flow channels in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is a key factor affecting battery performance. A flow channel with straight sidewalls and a low thin...

Tooth surface with early caries lesion can remineralize into sound tooth surface with early intervention. However, early caries lesion is difficult to detect and frequently goes unnoticed during clinical or radiographic ...

In cases of pulp necrosis, infection products can spread into the periapical tissues, triggering an inflammatory response that stimulates the proliferation of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. As the epithelial mass...

A gummy smile, or excessive gingival display (EGD), is a clinical condition in which more than 3–4 mm of gingiva is visible during smiling. This condition often raises aesthetic concerns and may negatively affect self-...

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare group of diseases that primarily affects children but can also occur in adults, presenting with diverse clinical and radiological manifestations. LCH involves the skull in ap...

Background/Aim: Root resorption (RR) refers to a cellular response resulting in loss of hard and soft dental tissue due to injury, irritation of the periodontal ligament, and/or tooth pulp. Typically, it is considered a ...