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BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. Since the American Thyroid Association's (ATA's) guidelines for the management of these dis...

The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room...

Materias / palabras clave: Biology; Carcinogenesis; Colorectal cancer; Genetics; Computational biology; Evolutionary biology; Cancer research; Cancer

Materias / palabras clave: Climate change; Range (aeronautics); Geography; Temporal scales; Spatial ecology; Environmental science; Ecology; Climatology; Environmental resource management; Physical geography; Biology; Geology

Materias / palabras clave: Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Segmentation; Field (mathematics); Convolutional neural network; State of art; Image segmentation; Open research; Machine learning; Image (mathematics); Data scie...

Materias / palabras clave: Long-term potentiation; Neuroscience; Postsynaptic potential; Neurotransmission; Post-tetanic potentiation; Hippocampus; Synaptic augmentation; Synaptic plasticity; Metaplasticity; Synaptic fatigue; Chemistry; Neuronal m...

Materias / palabras clave: Neuroimaging; Scope (computer science); Computer science; Flexibility (engineering); Data science; Software; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Neuroscience; Statistics; Programmi...

BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy, such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1), has revolutionized the treatment of malignancies by engaging the patient's own immun...

The prefrontal cortex has long been suspected to play an important role in cognitive control, in the ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance with internal goals. Its neural basis, however, has remained a ...

Anomaly detection is an important problem that has been researched within diverse research areas and application domains. Many anomaly detection techniques have been specifically developed for certain application domains...

Materias / palabras clave: Mitosis; Apoptosis; Biology; Cell biology; Involution (esoterism); Cytoplasm; Cell; Programmed cell death; Cell type; Phagosome; Embryonic stem cell; Intracellular

The process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. Apoptosis is considered a vital component of various p...

Materias / palabras clave: Overweight; Body mass index; Obesity; Medicine; Population; Demography; Classification of obesity; Public health; Gerontology; Cut-point; Environmental health; Statistics

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet agents are the mainstay for secondary prevention of non-cardioembolic stroke. This systematic review examined the safety and efficacy of short-, middle-, and long-term aspirin in combination with...

Materias / palabras clave: Blinding; Randomized controlled trial; Medicine; Systematic review; Clinical trial; Quality (philosophy); Research design; Psychology; Physical therapy; MEDLINE; Medical physics; Statistics

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Because high plasma concentrations of cholesterol, in particular those of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are one of the principal risk factors for atherosclerosis,1...

Bacteria that attach to surfaces aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis to form biofilms. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents are at the r...

Mechanotransduction is a process where cells sense their surroundings and convert the physical forces in their environment into an appropriate response. Calcium plays a crucial role in the translation of such forces to b...

Materias / palabras clave: Inflammation; Cancer; Angiogenesis; Cancer research; Immune system; Effector; Tumor microenvironment; Metastasis; Biology; Cancer cell; Immunology; Medicine

Materias / palabras clave: Chromatin; Biology; Histone; Nucleosome; Histone-modifying enzymes; DNA; Non-histone protein; Cell biology; Histone code; ChIA-PET; Genetics; Function (biology)

Electrocatalysis plays a central role in clean energy conversion, enabling a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. This review discusses design strategies for state-of-the-art heterogeneous electrocata...

Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefor...

A number of recent studies have focused on the statistical properties of networked systems such as social networks and the Worldwide Web. Researchers have concentrated particularly on a few properties that seem to be com...

Materias / palabras clave: Modularity (biology); Complex network; Magnetoencephalography; Computer science; Cognitive science; Connectomics; Diffusion MRI; Graph theory; Human brain; Network science; Neuroscience; Neuroimaging