Factors associated with thrombotic disease in dogs with renal proteinuria: A retrospective of 150 cases

Abstract Background Knowledge of additional risk factors for thrombotic disease (TD) among dogs with renal proteinuria is limited; these might differ for TD affecting the systemic arterial (AT), systemic venous (VT), and pulmonary circulation (PT). Hypothesis/Objectives To compare signalment and clinicopathological data between dogs with renal proteinuria with or without TD, and between dogs with AT, VT, and PT. Animals One hundred fifty client‐owned dogs with renal proteinuria, 50 of which had TD. Methods Retrospective case‐controlled study. A database search (2004‐2021) identified proteinuric dogs (UPC > 2) with and without TD. Clinicopathological data were obtained from the records. TD and non‐TD (NTD) groups were compared by binary logistic regression, and AT, VT, and PT groups by multinomial regression. Normal data presented as mean ± SD, non‐normal data presented as median [25th, 75th percentiles]. Results Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were overrepresented in the TD group (OR = 98.8, 95% CI 2.09‐4671, P = .02). Compared to NTD cases, TD cases had higher concentration of neutrophils (11.06 [8.92, 16.58] × 109/L vs 7.31 [5.63, 11.06] × 109/L, P = .02), and lower concentration of eosinophils (0 [0, 0.21] × 109/L vs 0.17 [0.04, 0.41] × 109/L, P = .002) in blood, and lower serum albumin (2.45 ± 0.73 g/dL vs 2.83 ± 0.73 g/dL, P = .04). AT cases had higher serum albumin concentrations than VT cases (2.73 ± 0.48 g/dL vs 2.17 ± 0.49 g/dL, P = .03) and were older than PT cases (10.6 ± 2.6 years vs 7.0 ± 4.3 years, P = .008). VT cases were older (9.1 ± 4.2 years vs 7.0 ± 4.3 years, P = .008) and had higher serum cholesterol concentration (398 [309‐692 mg/dL] vs 255 [155‐402 mg/dL], P = .03) than PT cases. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Differences between thrombus locations could reflect differences in pathogenesis.