Cytogenetic and Neurobiological Advances in Down syndrome

Down syndrome is an autosomal trisomy that traditionally has been studied independently from fields such as medicine, biology or psychology. In this article, we intend to go further and incorporate a multidisciplinary approach that includes, on the one hand, the main findings of these disciplines and, the theories that attempt to explain the complex relationships that occur between such findings. With this aim, we review the progress that has been made in the field of genetics, neuroanatomy and neurochemistry in relation to this syndrome, as well as the explanations that have been developed to try to understand the neuropsychological profile associated with this condition. We believe that the incorporation of this perspective will help achieve an overview of the psychobiological correlates of Down syndrome.