The effect of organic acids mixture in the form of glycerids on the regulation of intestinal barrier function in piglets using SCFA-M: analysis of molecular markers

The functions of the intestinal system are crucial for animal health and productivity, as they ensure digestion, nutrient absorption, immune homeostasis, and microbiota regulation. Molecular markers of the intestinal system, such as occludin (OCL), fibronectin (FN), interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ), and caspase-3 (Casp-3), serve as sensitive indicators of its functional state. This article presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA-M, C3-C12) on the expression of molecular markers of intestinal barrier function in three-way crossbred piglets. A total of 100 piglets aged 42 days were selected for the study and divided into control and experimental groups. The diet of the experimental group was supplemented with SCFA-M. Expression levels of molecular markers were assessed in the duodenum using the Western blot method. Obtained results showed a significant increase in the expression of OCL, FN, and IFN-α in the experimental group, indicating improved barrier function, extracellular matrix stability, and immune response. Specifically, by day 56, FN expression increased by 46.80% (P<0.001), OCL by 16.78% (P<0.001), and IFN-α by 20.06% (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Contrary, decreased levels of IFN-γ and Casp-3 indicated reduced inflammation and apoptotic activity. The correlations between molecular marker expression and metabolic parameters were analysed to clarify the interaction of these indices. Notably, in 56-day-old piglets of the control group, OCL expression negatively correlated with blood total protein levels (r = −0.83; P<0.05). In 77-day-old animals of the experimental group, correlations were found between FN and OCL expression and serum calcium levels (r = −0.90; P<0.05). These findings demonstrated the positive effects of SCFA-M on immune regulation, proinflammatory balance, and the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity in piglets. The presented data may be applied in veterinary practice for the prevention of intestinal infections, enhancement of pathogen resistance, and optimization of animal productivity.