Recurrent Phyllodes Tumour in a Young Woman 15 Years after Initial Excision: A Case Report

Phyllodes tumours are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast, accounting for <1% of all breast tumours. These tumours exhibit variable biological behaviour, ranging from benign to malignant, with a high potential for recurrence. Early identification and complete surgical excision are crucial in preventing regrowth and malignant transformation. A 28-year-old female presented with a rapidly enlarging right breast lump one week postpartum following a caesarean section for a Dichorionic-Diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy. She stated that she had a similar breast lump in adolescence (at the age of 13), which had been surgically removed. Imaging studies suggested a phyllodes tumour, including Ultrasound (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and MR Spectroscopy (MRS). The patient underwent a wide local excision, and histopathology confirmed a recurrent phyllodes tumour. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was advised on long-term monitoring due to the risk of recurrence. This case underscores the need for recognising phyllode tumours as a differential diagnosis in recurrent breast lumps. Given their potential for regrowth even after long intervals, close follow-up with imaging is essential for early detection and intervention. Surgical excision with adequate margins remains the mainstay of treatment to minimise recurrence risk.