The Kazakh Diaspora During the Period of Social and Political Experiments in Mongolia (1920s–1950s) and Their Impact on Regional Relations Between Mongolia and Kazakhstan

This study explores the migration and adaptation of the Kazakh diaspora in Mongolia during the twentieth century, focusing on the sociopolitical impacts of Soviet policies, collectivization, and repression. The research uses demographic data from historical censuses, archival documents, and recent surveys for 1926–1959. The findings reveal a significant migration of Kazakhs to Mongolia, driven by factors such as famine, political repression, and the search for stability. Despite these challenges, the Kazakh diaspora in Mongolia preserved its cultural identity through active integration into Mongolian society, while maintaining connections with Kazakhstan. The study concludes that the Kazakh diaspora remains a key factor in fostering positive bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Mongolia, with implications for cultural, educational, and political cooperation.