Association of the CXCL–ACKR1 Signaling Axis with the Angiogenic Microenvironment in Endometrial Cancer: A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis

Keyuan Zhao,1 Yanjiao Jiang2 1The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanjiao Jiang, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), 318 Chao Wang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-131-8571-9869, Email yanjiaoj@yeah.netPurpose: To investigate the role of the CXCL signaling pathway in angiogenesis of endometrial cancer and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.Patients and Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 18 endometrial cancer and normal control tissues were integrated with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Data were analyzed through clustering and cell type annotation to explore the tumor microenvironment, followed by cell–cell interaction analysis to assess the activity of the CXCL signaling pathway. We then quantified CXCL pathway activity using CellChat-derived ligand–receptor communication metrics (communication probability/interaction strength) and evaluated supporting gene expression differences for key ligands and receptor across tumor versus control samples.Results: ScRNA-seq revealed a complex tumor microenvironment composed of epithelial, stromal, immune, and endothelial cells. The CXCL signaling pathway was significantly activated in endometrial cancer. Dominant signaling axes such as CXCL8–ACKR1, CXCL2–ACKR1, and CXCL3–ACKR1 were identified. CXCL8, CXCL2, and CXCL3 were highly expressed in tumor tissues and were predicted to interact with ACKR1 expressed on endothelial cells, suggesting a potential role of the CXCL–ACKR1 axis in regulating tumor-associated angiogenic signaling.Conclusion: This study support an association between the CXCL–ACKR1 axis and endothelial-targeted signaling patterns consistent with angiogenesis in endometrial cancer. ACKR1 may serve as a promising anti-angiogenic therapeutic target, offering new insights into precision treatment strategies for endometrial cancer.Keywords: endometrial cancer, ACKR1, CXCL signaling pathway, angiogenesis, single-cell RNA sequencing, tumor microenvironment