Comparative Index Analysis of the Stability of the Political System (On the Example of China and Turkey)

In the context of the search for models of political stability in illiberal contexts, we conduct a comparative analysis of the sources of stability of the political systems of China and Turkey. The aim of the work is to identify and compare the institutional, ideological and social mechanisms that ensure their resilience to internal and external challenges. The scientific novelty lies in the application of a single analytical model with a quantitative assessment (stability scores) to two different types of authoritarian systems: institutional-ideocratic (PRC) and personalist-populist (Turkey), which allows a systematic comparison of their adaptation strategies. The methodology is based on comparative analysis with the synthesis of data from academic publications, official documents and opinion polls for the period 2020–2025. The main results show that the stability of China is based on the centralized institutions of the Chinese Communist Party, ideological synthesis, economic efficiency and suppression of the opposition, while the stability of Turkey is ensured by the concentration of power, tactical flexibility of the elites, appeal to conservative values and control over the security apparatus, but is subject to risks due to economic problems and social polarization. The limitation of the study is its retrospective and analytical nature, which does not allow empirical verification of cause-and-effect relationships.