Antidepressant-like Effects of Malva moschata L. on Mouse Model: Behavioral and Biochemical Evidence

INTRODUCTION: Malva moschata L. has long been used in traditional medicine for its calming and sedative properties, indicating potential antidepressant activity. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of its ethanol extract in female Swiss albino mice through behavioral and biochemical assessments. METHODS: A total of sixty mice (weighing between 25–30 g) were randomly allocated into six experimental groups, each consisting of ten animals. The extract was given by oral gavage at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg daily over a four-week period, whereas fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the reference antidepressant. To evaluate depression- and anxiety-related behaviors, animals were subjected to a series of behavioral paradigms, including the Rotarod, Forced Swim Test (FST), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Tail Suspension Test (TST). After the behavioral procedures, blood samples were obtained for the assessment of IL-10, IL-17, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), and Total Oxidant Status (TOS). RESULTS: The findings demonstrate that administration of the 500 mg/kg dose significantly attenuated depressive-like behaviors, exhibiting an efficacy comparable to that of fluoxetine. Biochemical analyses revealed a dose and time dependent response, with TAS levels elevated and TOS and IL-17 levels reduced, particularly in the 250 and 500 mg/kg groups after four weeks. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that Malva moschata exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice, potentially mediated through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Further studies are warranted to clarify its mechanisms and therapeutic potential in mood disorders.