Diversity and Ethnobotanical Significance of Wild Solanum Species in Odisha, India

Across the globe, individuals continue to rely on plants to meet fundamental human requirements, including sustenance, attire, housing, and healthcare. Among the diverse plant families, Solanaceae houses thousands of species worldwide, with many of them being wild and plays a pivotal role in preserving biodiversity and holds substantial ethnobotanical significance. Within this family, the Solanum genus holds particular significance in traditional medicine and human nutrition, boasting three major food crops: S. melongena (eggplant), S. lycopersicum (tomato), and S. tuberosum (potato), staples in daily diets worldwide. This study delves into the diversity of the Solanum genus in Bhadrak district, Odisha, India, with a primary focus on assessing its distribution and ethnobotanical importance. A field survey involving 97 respondents (76 male; 21 female) was conducted, involving interviews with local communities, traditional healers, and agricultural practitioners. The study documents six Solanum species with both food and medicinal applications. These species have been used to address a wide array of health issues, including asthma, coughs, bronchitis, liver problems, oral ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, tuberculosis, and toothaches. Various plant parts, such as leaves, roots, fruits, and seeds, are commonly employed in these remedies. Moreover, the Solanum species' remarkable adaptability to diverse environments highlights their resilience and ecological significance. The present findings serve as a platform for future research on Solanum's contributions to traditional medicine and ecological systems. Interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, indigenous communities, and policymakers, are essential for sustainable utilization of Solanum genus, paving the way for a more healthful and harmonious coexistence with our natural world.