Anti-aging Effect of Black Garlic Through Anti-senescence, Gelatinase Inhibition Mechanism, and Formulation of NLC Serum

Aging associated with cellular senescence was responsible for the degradation of collagen and elastin by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that produced wrinkles. Black garlic is known to have an anti-aging potency on premature aging. This study aims to reveal the anti-aging potency of black garlic through anti-senescence and gelatinase inhibition mechanisms and its formulation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Serum. Black Garlic Extract (BGE) was macerated with ethanol 50% then heated with low temperature at 50°C. The extract obtained was profiled with Thin Layer Chromatography and antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cytotoxic effect of BGE was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on Vero cells. Anti-senescence effect of BGE was conducted by SA-β-Gal assay. The inhibition of gelatinase activities was predicted by molecular docking using MOE2010 software. The preparation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) is done by High Shear Homogenization method, then the best formula continued to make NLC-BGE Serum. The BGE contained S-allyl cysteine as a major organosulfur compound. BGE showed non-toxic to Vero cells with IC50 >500 μg/mL. Furthermore, 50 μg/mL of BGE showed inhibits doxorubicin-induced senescence in Vero cells. BGE also appeared to have good affinity on inhibitory domains of MMP-1 (∆G -7,754 kcal/mol) and MMP-2 (∆G -9,130 kcal/mol). NLC-BGE serum formula has met nanoparticles criteria and showed good stability. Based on this study, BGE revealed anti-senescence and gelatinase inhibition that is considered to have high anti-aging properties and can be applied in the NLC-BGE serum formula.