Optimised Heterogeneous Handover in Mobile IPV6 Using Enhanced Predictive Fast Proxy with Media Independent Handover (MIH) Support

In wireless networks, handover performance is essential for enabling real-time traffic applications. Long handover delays make it impossible for a Mobile Node (MN) to send and receive data packets, which is very undesirable for real-time applications like video conferencing and VoIP. Therefore, in order to guarantee better handover performance, decreasing handover duration is crucial. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) as an enhancement to the novel Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) to attain better handover performance. FPMIPv6 functions in two modes: predictive and reactive, using a link-layer triggering mechanism. The predictive mode uses link-layer triggers to improve FPMIPv6's handover performance. However, FPMIPv6 experiences packet loss, signalling overhead and unable to manage heterogeneous handovers effectively because it needs a unified Layer 2 triggering mechanism which could result in handover accomplishment either early or late. Consequently, this research, provide an incorporation between FPMPV6 with MIH by expanding its current standard services. In addition, a new predictive handover architecture that generate timely link triggers using information from adjacent network was implemented, enabling crucial handover operations to finished prior to the present link deteriorating. And used piggyback technique to reduce signalling overhead. Performance analysis using simulations indicates the pro-FPMIPv6-MIH achieved improved handover performance, particularly in decreasing handover delay, packet loss and signalling overhead.