Current Treatment Strategies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Literature Review

Background. Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders. This disease is diagnosed worldwide, although it is much more common in developed countries. The main role in the development of the disease is attributed to dysfunction of the brain-gut axis and factors such as intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and prolonged exposure to stress. The symptoms significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, which is why it is so important to develop clear recommendations for better control of the condition. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyse and summarise current pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for treating irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and methods. A review of the literature available in the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases was conducted. Articles published between 2012-2025 were considered. Publications of low methodological quality and those containing incomplete data were excluded. Results. According to research, the best dietary intervention is a low-FODMAP diet, but it should be followed under the supervision of an experienced dietitian. Probiotics should be considered as first-line medications. A growing number of publications point to the beneficial effects of psychotherapy, regular moderate-intensity physical activity, and healthy eating habits, especially regular consumption of small meals. The impact of quality sleep and stress management skills on prolonging IBS remission is also emphasized, but the scientific evidence is not yet strong enough. Conclusions. Changes in diet and eating habits have been shown to be important in reducing symptoms and prolonging remission. There are many pharmacological options available, but there are no clear guidelines due to the complex pathomechanism of the disease. Currently, probiotics are the most recommended treatment. Herbal therapies, psychotherapy, mindfulness techniques, physical activity should be considered as additional support.