Dickkopf 2 serves as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia targeted by evodiamine

ObjectiveAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) has seen a significant increase in cases recently, often leading to a poor outlook. Dysregulated cell death is a characteristic of AML that aids in both the formation and advancement of the disease. Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) is known to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through multiple mechanisms, facilitating cancer development and progression. The specific function of DKK2 in AML is not yet completely understood.Materials and methodsThe potential of DKK2 as a prognostic marker in AML was assessed using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; accession number GSE26294) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were assessed following the upregulation or downregulation of DKK2 in AML cells using CCK-8, EdU staining, AO/EB staining, and transwell assays. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to predict the interaction and binding affinity between DKK2 and evodiamine. Rescue experiments were further conducted to elucidate the functional relationship between DKK2 and evodiamine.ResultsIn AML, DKK2 expression was notably increased and linked to poor overall survival. Reducing DKK2 levels hindered AML cell growth, proliferation, and migration, while promoting apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of DKK2 promoted the malignant phenotype of AML cells. Additionally, evodiamine was identified as a potential small-molecule compound that may functionally regulate DKK2 in AML evodiamine showed a strong binding affinity to DKK2, with a binding energy measured at −5.51 kcal/mol. Importantly, the overexpression of DKK2 negated the anti-cancer effects of evodiamine in AML cells.ConclusionThe DKK2/evodiamine axis represents a novel prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for AML.