Retrospective review on oral delivery of proteins and peptide: Barriers, strategies and clinical applications

Proteins and peptides have gained the attention of researcher in recent era for the cure of many disorders. Proteins possess complex architecture as they formed from amino acid subunits. Challenges associated with the biotherapeutics delivery like higher molecular weight, enzymatic susceptibility , less permeability across the biological membranes and complex architecture are crucial which make them less selected candidate for research and therapy through noninvasive route but these challenges could be overcome by using the different type approaches either formulation based or novel nanocarrier based technology. Review summarized the various types of barriers, challenges associated with biotherapeutics delivery as well as approaches to overcome these barriers for oral delivery of biotherapeutics.