An analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian postgraduate students’ mathematical problem-solving behavior using research skill development framework

Problem-solving behavior is a crucial skill for postgraduate students. However, research employing the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework to improve the skill across different cultural contexts and genders is limited. This study aims to analyze the problem-solving behavior of postgraduate students in Indonesia and Malaysia using the RSD framework, taking into account the perspectives of learning culture and gender. It employed the qualitative method with a case study design. Data were collected by testing and interviewing postgraduate students they are five students in Indonesia and four students from Malaysia. The results revealed that students with high levels of RSD do not always show high mathematical problem-solving behavior. However, those with low mathematical problem-solving behavior tend to have low levels of RSD. The categorization of problem-solving behavior is not determined by learning culture or gender. However, differences in cognitive strategies and approaches were observed across groups, suggesting that culture and gender may influence problem-solving style rather than behavioral level. Female students in Indonesia are more likely to use an analytical approach, while male students in Malaysia are more likely to use a creative approach. In addition, a collaborative and inclusive learning culture can improve students' problem-solving abilities. The results of this study can serve as a reference for improving the quality of postgraduate education in both countries.