Hybrid attacks against the Republic of Poland conducted and coordinated by the Russian Federation and their link to the war in Ukraine

The aim of this article is to describe attacks and hybrid activities from the Russian Federation against the Republic of Poland from June 2021 to the end of 2024. They are presented with a distinction between attacks against the integrity of the Polish border with Belarus, attacks carried out in Polish cyberspace, and disinformation attacks in the Polish information space. The thesis adopted in the article assumes that these actions were directly related to the war in Ukraine and were intentional interference by Russia and Belarus. The literature on the theory of hybrid warfare and the actions carried out by the Russian Federation and Belarus, perceived as part of hybrid warfare, was analysed. Furthermore, information related to hostile actions against the Republic of Poland, made available by Polish state institutions and teams set up to respond to computer incidents, was analysed.