Integrated housing reconstruction model post-earthquake and tsunamis: Emphasising sustainable construction and local wisdom towards disaster-resilient cities

The 2018 Lombok earthquake caused extensive housing and infrastructure damage in North Lombok Regency, triggering large-scale reconstruction efforts. Post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is crucial not only for rebuilding damaged physical structures but also for enhancing the resilience of affected communities. However, many reconstruction programmes continue to rely on top-down approaches that neglect sustainability principles and disregard the cultural values inherent in local wisdom (LW). Therefore, this study aimed to develop and test an integrated model that links PDHR, sustainable construction (SC), LW and disaster-resilient cities (DRC). This study adopted a quantitative methodology, with data gathered via a questionnaire survey of 125 disaster-affected residents and analysed by using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares in SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that PDHR exerts a strong direct effect on DRC (β = 1.202, p 0.001) and an indirect effect mediated by SC (β = 0.49, p 0.05), confirming the partial mediation mechanism. The results show that reconstruction achieves optimal resilience when sustainability principles are integrated. Conversely, the moderating role of LW was not statistically significant, indicating that LW functions more symbolically than structurally within current reconstruction governance. Contribution: Theoretically, this study differentiates the structural contribution of SC, evident statistically, from the symbolic contribution of LW, thereby refining existing resilience theory for post-disaster contexts. Practically, the findings underscore the need to redesign institutional mechanisms so that sustainability and LW are not only acknowledged but also formally embedded into reconstruction planning.