Causes involved in hospital readmission of patients after endoscopic lumbar spine surgery: a meta-analytical systematic review

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the causes involved in hospital readmission of patients after endoscopic lumbar spine surgery. A systematic review was carried out using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed model for statistical analysis, as well as Cochran's Q test to assess the heterogeneity of the selected studies. Descriptive analyses and statistical comparisons were applied, including measures such as absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to treat (NNT), using the JASP software. After exclusion criteria, 8 studies were analyzed, with a predominantly male population (58%) and a mean age of 52 years. The most frequent causes of readmission were recurrence of hernias and persistent pain, with risk factors such as age over 50, high BMI and a history of previous surgeries being associated with higher readmission rates. The analysis showed an average reduction of 87.6% in the risk of readmissions in the endoscopic surgery group, with an average NNT of 1.28. Endoscopic surgery of the lumbar spine showed a reduced rate of hospital readmission, and is notable for its effectiveness in preventing complications. The main causes of readmission were recurrence of hernias and persistent pain, with risk factors such as advanced age, high BMI and previous surgical history. Statistical analysis showed an 87.6% reduction in the risk of readmission, with an NNT of 1.28. The identification of these factors and rigorous post-operative follow-up are essential to optimize results and reduce re-operations. Level of Evidence II; Review Article.