The Relevance, Delivery, and Effects of Health Management, Leadership, and Governance Training on Managers' Practices and Organizational Results: A Protocol for an Effectiveness–Implementation Hybrid Type 2 Study

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Health management, leadership, and governance (HMLG) are considered essential for achieving universal health coverage (UHC), and various efforts have been made to strengthen the management, leadership, and governance capacities of health managers in lower‐income countries through training. Despite these efforts, there remains limited empirical evidence on the relevance, delivery process, and effectiveness of HMLG training in lower‐middle‐income countries, including Tanzania. Hence, this study aims to assess the relevance, delivery, and effects of HMLG training on the health managers' practices and organizational results in the Tanga Region of Tanzania. Methods The study will employ a type 2 hybrid effectiveness–implementation design. In this study, Tanga Region will be used as the intervention region, whereas Pwani Region will serve as the control. The study will involve all 88 trainees, 156 members of the health management team, 422 clients, and 17 health facilities in Tanga Region. Also, the study will include 156 health managers, 422 clients, and 17 health facilities in Pwani Region. Data will be collected using questionnaire administration, semi‐structured interviews, exit interviews, document review, and observation. Quantitative data analysis will be conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods; qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis. Expected Contribution By addressing the empirical gap identified in the literature, this study aims to fill the gaps by generating empirical evidence on the relevance, delivery, and effects of health management leadership and governance training on the practices of health managers, the experiences of clients, the health system, and service delivery outcomes. The evidence is expected to inform future practices and policies on strengthening management, leadership, and governance capacities in Tanzania's health sector.