Exploring the Influence of Salinity Intrusion on the Physical and Menstrual Health Problem of Women in Coastal Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Background Menstrual health challenges among women in the coastal area of Bangladesh are increasingly impacted by water salinity, posing significant risks to both their physical and mental well‐being. Aims This study examines the effects of water salinity on the menstrual, hormonal, physical, and mental health of women living in coastal regions of Bangladesh. Methods A mixed‐method approach was used. Data were collected through structured surveys, in‐depth interviews (IDIs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The qualitative component, consisting of IDIs and KIIs, explored personal experiences and perceptions, whereas quantitative data were analyzed using statistical methods, including Cronbach's Alpha for reliability and two‐way ANOVA via SPSS. Regression analysis was carried out by STATA (13 version). Findings The results indicate that 95.7% of participants relied on saline water for daily activities. Approximately 44.3% reported menstrual health problems, whereas 27.5% experienced skin irritation and 18.9% reported hair loss. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between salinity exposure and menstrual health problems (β = 0.671, p < 0.01). Similarly, salinity exposure was significantly associated with adverse physical health outcomes (β = 0.719, p < 0.01). Two‐way ANOVA results further supported the hypotheses that increased salinity affects the physical and menstrual health of women (p < 0.05). However, the relationship between salinity and mental health was not statistically significant (p = 0.861). Conclusion The researcher believes that if the government and NGOs take appropriate measures, this problem in residents of coastal areas can be eliminated. This study benefits the national sector by reducing discrimination and ensuring citizens’ rights.