Handling Nonresponse in Survey Sampling: Enhanced Method for Finite Population Mean

This study proposes a new estimator T2, designed to improve estimation precision in survey sampling. The expressions for bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are derived. The proposed estimator is analytically compared with other existing estimators in handling nonresponse and efficiency conditions’ set. Through both simulation and real datasets, T2 demonstrates superior performance in terms of bias and MSE, consistently outperforming classical estimators and other modified ratio-type estimators. The results indicate that the performance of the estimator improves with higher values of the tuning parameter, θ. The efficiency of the estimator suggests its suitability for real-life applications. The estimator is recommended, particularly in contexts requiring high precision and cost efficiency. Additionally, configurations with high θ and low k values should be prioritized during implementation to ensure optimal performance.