Soft adaptation measures for disaster risk reduction and urban resilience. Early warning systems

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of continuously updating emerging topics concerning relationships between urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of five parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban Practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underline the challenges that the cities have to face. This note provides an overview of soft adaptation measures and their role in promoting effective disaster risk reduction and urban resilience. It focuses on Early warning systems (EWS), governance and knowledge-based instruments that enhance anticipatory capacity within urban systems by integrating risk knowledge, hazard monitoring and forecasting, communication and dissemination mechanisms, and response capability. Selected international case examples are discussed, illustrating how cities are operationalizing EWS to address extreme weather events. Finally, the contribution outlines policy implications and research directions, emphasizing the importance of integrating EWS deployment into spatial planning and resilience governance frameworks to strengthen city and community adaptive capacity.