Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos
Gianoglio Pantano, Ioana Agustina · Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX · 2010
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nuestros laboratorios. No se emplearon datos experimentales de la MWD completa en la estimación de parámetros. Los modelos resultantes captan el comportamiento de las variables medidas en cada sistema de reacción: evolución de pesos moleculares del PS (Mn, Mw y MWD), así como la masa de PS injertada en función de las concentraciones de catalizador y cocatalizador y del tiempo de reacción. También son capaces de predecir teóricamente la cantidad de PE injertado y la CCD del copolímero. Con el objetivo de analizar la confiabilidad y flexibilidad de los modelos planteados, los mismos se sometieron a validación experimental con datos reportados en la literatura. El conjunto de modelos desarrollados en esta tesis tiene potencial aplicación como herramienta de optimización del proceso, ya que puede tener en cuenta los efectos contrapuestos de reacciones competitivas que caracterizan la reacción de injerto estudiada. Ello permitiría encontrar las condiciones operativas para sintetizar un copolímero apropiado en cantidad y estructura que optimice la compatibilización. Estos modelos son también un aporte importante a la comprensión teórica de este complejo proceso.
Polystyrene (PS) and polyolefins (PO) such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), are major components of urban plastic waste streams. Recycling them together, avoiding previous separation of resins, is an attractive alternative in terms of time and costs. However, mixtures of PS and PO are immiscible and show poor mechanical properties. This problem may be overcome by a compatibilization that enhances the adhesion between phases, improving the mechanical properties of the material. The compatibilization may be performed by mixing the homopolymers with their copolymer, or by in situ generation of the copolymer. This thesis presents the mathematical modeling of the graft copolymerization reaction between PS and PE achieved through a Friedel-Crafts alkylation that uses AlCl3 and styrene as catalytic system. With this purpose, six mathematical models of increasing complexity are developed. Since under the conditions under which the copolymerization takes place PS suffers degradation reactions, the latter are previously analyzed by themselves. Models I through III describe the degradation endured by PS in the presence of AlCl3 alone, under different assumptions. Model IV incorporates styrene as cocatalyst, while Models V and VI take into account the complete system in which the graft reaction takes place. In each of the proposed models the starting point is a kinetic mechanism based on bibliographic information and experimental data previously obtained in the work group. All these mechanisms distinguish molecules of the same polymer by size. Starting from each mechanism, mass balances for all reactive species are proposed. Since polymeric molecules may present a wide range of lengths, the equation system that results may be considered infinitely large. The numerical solution of the models was achieved by applying two mathematical tools: the method of moments, and the method of probability generating functions (pgf). The former allows calculating the moments of a distribution, be it of molecular weights (MWD) or of chemical composition (CCD). From the first few moments of a distribution it is possible to calculate the average molecular weights. The application of the second tool allows, after several complex mathematical steps, the calculation of the distribution themselves (MWD and CCD).
The kinetic parameters of each model were estimated using experimental data of average molecular weights and mass of grafted PS obtained in our laboratories.
Experimental data on complete MWD were not used in the parameter estimation. The resulting models capture the behavior of the measured variables in each reacting system: evolution of PS molecular weights (Mn, Mw and MWD), as well as the mass of grafted PS as functions of the concentrations of catalyst and cocatalyst, and reaction time. They are also able to predict theoretically the amount of grafted PE and the copolymer CCD. With the aim of analyzing the reliability and flexibility of the proposed models, the latter were subjected to experimental validation using data reported in the literature.
The set of models developed in this thesis has potential for its application in an optimization tool for the process, as it is able to account for the opposing effects of competitive reactions that characterize the studied graft reaction. The use of such a tool would allow finding the operating conditions necessary to synthesize a copolymer of appropriate quantity and structure that would optimize the compatibilization. These models are also an important contribution to the theoretical understanding of this complex process.
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APA 7
Gianoglio Pantano, I. A. (2010). Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos. Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX. http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2089
MLA
Gianoglio Pantano, Ioana Agustina. Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos. Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX, 2010. http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2089.
Chicago
Gianoglio Pantano, Ioana Agustina. 2010. Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos. Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX. http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2089.
Harvard
Gianoglio Pantano, I. A. 2010, Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos, Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX, available at: http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2089 [Accessed 28 Jun. 2026].
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- Título
- Modelado matemático del mezclado reactivo de poliolefinas para su uso en el reciclado de materiales plásticos
- Autor / colaboradores
- Gianoglio Pantano, Ioana Agustina
- Editorial
- Repositorio de Prueba NODOVOX
- Año de publicación
- 2010
- Idioma
- spa
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