PARADIGMS FOR THE FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND THE ROLE OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR

The article shows how public-private partnerships (PPPs) in renewable energy provide a chance for the public and private sectors to combine resources and share risks in order to finish utility-scale projects that would not otherwise be possible. PPPs are not fully utilized in Ukraine, although being documented in other nations. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to expand renewable energy technologies as a foundation for sustainable economic development. This article analyzes the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the development of renewable energy and focuses on the interaction of public and private efforts to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. Using narrative review methodology, it is shown that improving public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms can stimulate the development of entrepreneurial structures in the renewable energy sector by combining public and private resources to implement projects, sharing risks, and accelerating their implementation. The main results of the study are the deterministic features of the development of PPP projects in the field of renewable energy sources, the systematization of the main models and mechanisms for the implementation of PPP in the field of renewable energy. The study also shows how factors like profitability, risk reduction, and advantageous policy frameworks motivate private sector involvement. Low-carbon, climate-resilient partnerships use more innovative strategies, include more stakeholders, exhibit different risk allocations, and focus more on social acceptance than more conventional PPP models. Based on agency theory paradigm, the article presents multi-stage risk allocation framework for PPPs, which is recommended for application, in particular, in Ukraine under the conditions of war-related critical damages of infrastructure.