Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education: Exploring the Opportunities and Challenges of Technological Transformation

Digital transformation has brought significant changes to the fields of health and education, with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies emerging as one of the most prominent components of this shift. Generative AI tools-ranging from adaptive and personalized learning systems to virtual simulations, academic writing assistants, and data analytics platforms-facilitate individualized learning experiences for students while enabling educators to plan instructional processes more effectively. In particular, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)-based clinical scenarios make important contributions to the development of higher-order skills such as decision-making, problem solving, and critical thinking. However, the widespread accessibility of AI also raises multidimensional concerns regarding data security, privacy, academic integrity, diminished critical thinking, and ethical decision-making. Looking ahead, AI-integrated dynamic learning systems are expected to provide customized content tailored to nursing students' individual profiles and to structure assessment processes in a multidimensional way. Therefore, systematic strategies are required to ensure the sustainable, ethical, and effective integration of AI into nursing education. This review aims to offer a comprehensive resource for educators, students, and policymakers by examining the current and potential roles of AI in nursing education, its opportunities and limitations, and the ethical issues associated with its use.