The Role of Biophilic Design as Multisensory Triggers in Breastfeeding Environments: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a holistic experience that fosters nourishment, emotional bonding, and physiological integration between mother and infant. Biophilic design, which integrates natural elements such as daylight, greenery, and organic materials, has the potential to enhance these environments by stimulating multiple senses. Nature-inspired stimuli - such as soft natural sounds, calming scents like lavender and earthy aromas, and tactile sensations from wood or natural fabrics - may help regulate the sensory system and reduce maternal stress. Visually soothing landscapes and muted color palettes have been shown to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby promoting calmness. This literature review aims to examine the role of biophilic design as sensory stimuli within the context of breastfeeding environments, with an emphasis on their potential to enhance maternal and infant well-being. Methods: This study, designed as a narrative review, was conducted between May 1, 2025, and October 30, 2025, through searches of electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords used in the search included “biophilic design,” “sensory stimuli,” “multisensory,” and “breastfeeding environment.” Results: Findings suggest that biophilic design - such as exposure to natural light, soothing auditory stimuli, pleasant olfactory inputs, and comforting tactile surfaces - can support maternal relaxation, emotional regulation, and oxytocin secretion during breastfeeding. Conclusion: The integration of biophilic design into breastfeeding environments offers a promising approach to supporting maternal and infant health. By engaging the senses, these environments can enhance comfort, promote relaxation, and strengthen emotional connection between mother and baby.