Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales
Quipildor, Vilma · CONICET Digital · 2017
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The geological and climatic history of northwestern Argentina presents strong changes as a result of orogenic and climatic processes that occurred during the Neogene and glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary that affected the distribution of plant populations and their genetic diversity patterns, as is the case of Echinopsis terscheckii. The general objective of this study was to evaluate both the levels and distribution of genetic variability in E. terschekii at different spatial and temporal scales using different types of molecular markers as well as to evaluate its role as a surrogate of the taxonomic diversity of other cacti from northwestern Argentina. The hypotheses tested is that historical and ecological factors will be reflected in the genetic structure at different spatial scales of the populations of E. terscheckii, a species of columnar cactus that characterizes the arid and semi-arid environments of the South Central Andes of South America and whose genetic diversity can be used as a substitute for the taxonomic diversity of the Cactaceae family. At the regional level, we used genetic polymorphisms from three non-coding regions of the chloroplast DNA and one region of nuclear DNA to evaluate the role of orogenic and climatic events modeling the gene pool of E. terscheckii. We also explored the regional effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations on the genetic pool of this species using fifteen isozyme loci. We modeled the potential past (Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene) and present distributions using ecological niche models. At the local level, we analyzed the impact of vegetation cover and climatic variables on the fine-scale genetic structure of populations based on spatially explicit sampling of individuals under different climates and vegetation types at four sites using isoenzymatic markers. To identify the priority sites for the in situ conservation of E. tercheckii and to evaluate the role of genetic diversity as a substitute for taxonomic diversity of cactaceae, we used distribution models and optimization algorithms. In consideration of the current anthropogenic threats, the effects of the change in the use of the soil through models of potential transition and the vulnerability of the species to such changes were analyzed. Regional analyzes using phylogeographic methods show the presence of two latitudinally structured haplotype variants north and south of 27 °S. The niche models showed two areas with greater stability in the south of the distribution. Isozyme patterns reflect the climatic oscillations of the Quaternary and southern populations had greater genetic diversity, which reflects a climatic stability during the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas northern populations with less genetic diversity suffered drift effects and isolation. These results show the divergence between northern and southern populations of E. terscheckii as a reflection of long-term persistence along the range, through the climatic cycles. This divergence was reinforced by the presence of a geographical barrier in mid-latitudes. At the local level, in more arid environments facilitation promotes establishment under the vegetation cover producing a fine-scale family structure as in the localities of Andalgalá and Valle Fértil. . Under climatically benign xerophilous forests, competition for resources, such as light, results in scattered individuals and therefore in large-scale neighborhoods such as at Las Higuerillas. The optimization methods established a minimum of six populations necessary to conserve all the known genetic diversity of E. terscheckii and a high proportion of species of the family Cactaceae were represented in the genetic pool of E. terscheckii, being superior to 90% for all the goals set a priori. This implies that the genetic diversity of the focal species performed well as a substitute for taxonomic diversity. The most explanatory model for land use change included the variables of elevation and distance to roads. The vulnerability analysis showed that only 1.8% of the range of distribution of the species in the Salta province is subjected to a high risk of change of use, being significant the loss of genetic diversity in the populations located in productive lands in relation to the potential change of land uses. In this study it was 4 found that both the diversity and current genetic structure of E. terscheckii is the complex result of the combination of processes that occurred at different spatial and temporal scales
Fil: Quipildor, Vilma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Autor; . Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina
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APA 7
Quipildor, V. (2017). Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales. CONICET Digital. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/104202
MLA
Quipildor, Vilma. Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales. CONICET Digital, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/104202.
Chicago
Quipildor, Vilma. 2017. Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales. CONICET Digital. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/104202.
Harvard
Quipildor, V. 2017, Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales, CONICET Digital, available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/104202 [Accessed 21 Jun. 2026].
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- Título
- Genética de la conservación de cactáceas: Un análisis del cactus columnar Echinopsis terscheckii a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales
- Autor / colaboradores
- Quipildor, Vilma
- Editorial
- CONICET Digital
- Año de publicación
- 2017
- Idioma
- spa
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