Functionalized chitosan–graphene magnetic nanocomposites enhance collagen synthesis in scleral fibroblasts

To investigate the effects of magnetic stimulation mediated by magnetic/graphene (MNP/G) composite nanomaterials on human scleral fibroblast (HFSF) proliferation and collagen synthesis, exploring its potential for myopia prevention. MNP/G nanomaterials were synthesized via covalent co-precipitation and introduced into HFSF cultures. Cells were co-cultured with 30 μg/mL MNP/G and exposed to static magnetic stimulation (20 mT intensity). Proliferation was assessed via CCK-8 assay, morphology was observed using inverted phase-contrast microscopy, and hydroxyproline content was measured to quantify collagen synthesis. Magnetic stimulation significantly enhanced HFSF proliferation compared to non-stimulated controls, with no observed cytotoxicity. Microscopic analysis revealed improved cell density and spindle-like morphology in stimulated groups. Hydroxyproline assays demonstrated a marked increase in collagen synthesis following magnetic stimulation, suggesting enhanced extracellular matrix production. Notably, the combined application of MNP/G nanomaterials and magnetic stimulation yielded the highest collagen content among all experimental conditions. Magnetic stimulation using MNP/G nanomaterials promotes HFSF proliferation and collagen production, potentially strengthening scleral biomechanical properties. This approach may counteract scleral remodeling in myopia progression, offering a novel strategy for non-invasive myopia intervention.